Former President Mahinda Rajapaksa celebrated his eightieth birthday on November 18th, marking eight decades of a life that has profoundly influenced Sri Lanka's political landscape. Whether admired or criticized, Rajapaksa's impact on the island nation remains undeniable, with his political legacy continuing to shape contemporary Sri Lankan politics long after his presidency ended.
The Rise of a Political Dynasty
Mahinda Rajapaksa's journey from a young lawyer in Hambantota to the presidency represents one of Sri Lanka's most significant political narratives. Born in 1945, Rajapaksa entered politics during a tumultuous period in Sri Lankan history, gradually building a political empire that would eventually encompass his entire family. His ascent to power coincided with the country's most challenging internal conflict, positioning him as a decisive figure during the final phases of the civil war.
The Rajapaksa political brand became synonymous with strong leadership and nationalist rhetoric, appealing to a significant portion of the Sinhalese Buddhist majority. His ability to consolidate power while maintaining popular support demonstrated his keen understanding of Sri Lankan political dynamics and voter psychology.
Wartime Leadership and National Transformation
Rajapaksa's presidency from 2005 to 2015 was defined by his decisive approach to ending the decades-long civil war with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). His administration's military strategy, led by his brother Gotabaya Rajapaksa as Defense Secretary, culminated in the defeat of the LTTE in May 2009. This victory earned him hero status among many Sri Lankans who had lived through decades of conflict and instability.
The post-war period under Rajapaksa's leadership saw ambitious infrastructure development projects, including the construction of highways, ports, and airports. The Hambantota Port, Mattala Airport, and the Southern Expressway became symbols of his development vision, though these projects later attracted criticism for their financial sustainability and strategic implications.
Economic Policies and International Relations
Rajapaksa's economic approach emphasized large-scale infrastructure development, often financed through Chinese loans and investments. This strategy aligned with his vision of transforming Sri Lanka into a regional hub, leveraging the country's strategic location in the Indian Ocean. However, critics argued that these policies contributed to unsustainable debt levels that would later plague the nation.
His foreign policy marked a significant shift toward closer ties with China and other non-Western powers, while relationships with traditional allies like India and Western nations became more complex. This realignment reflected his administration's desire for greater autonomy in international affairs and resistance to external pressure regarding human rights concerns.
Controversies and Challenges
Despite his popularity among supporters, Rajapaksa's tenure was marked by significant controversies. International human rights organizations raised concerns about the conduct of the final phase of the civil war, press freedom restrictions, and the treatment of political opponents. These issues created lasting tensions with the international community and domestic civil society organizations.
The concentration of power within the Rajapaksa family also drew criticism from opposition parties and governance advocates. Key government positions were held by his brothers, leading to accusations of nepotism and the erosion of democratic institutions. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, which removed presidential term limits, further intensified these concerns.
Electoral Defeat and Political Comeback
Rajapaksa's unexpected defeat in the 2015 presidential election to Maithripala Sirisena marked a significant turning point in Sri Lankan politics. The loss demonstrated the electorate's desire for change and raised questions about the sustainability of his political model. However, his ability to maintain a strong opposition presence and eventually facilitate his family's return to power through Gotabaya Rajapaksa's 2019 presidential victory showcased his enduring political acumen.
Legacy at Eighty
As Mahinda Rajapaksa enters his ninth decade, his legacy remains complex and contested. Supporters credit him with ending the civil war, developing infrastructure, and asserting Sri Lankan sovereignty on the international stage. Critics point to authoritarian tendencies, economic mismanagement, and human rights violations as defining aspects of his rule.
Understanding Rajapaksa's impact extends beyond personal politics to encompass broader questions about democracy, development, and national identity in post-colonial Sri Lanka. His political style and strategies continue to influence contemporary Sri Lankan politics, with the Rajapaksa brand remaining a significant force despite recent setbacks.
At eighty, Mahinda Rajapaksa stands as a figure whose influence on Sri Lanka's destiny cannot be understated. His legacy will continue to be debated and analyzed by historians, political scientists, and ordinary citizens for generations to come, cementing his position as one of the most consequential leaders in modern Sri Lankan history.